Fig. 7

Temporal change in paleoceanographic parameters from MIS 20 to MIS 18 from CbCS. a Total organic carbon (TOC) record. b Total nitrogen (TN) record. c Carbon isotope ratio of organic carbon (δ¹³C_org) record. d C/N record. e Ca/Ti record obtained by TATSCAN-F2. f Maximum diameter of the core of Phycosiphon. g The difference in water temperature between surface and bottom water (ΔT) from Haneda et al. (2020b). Thick lines are 1000 yr moving average profiles. h Radiolarian concentrations (Suganuma et al. 2018). i S-ratio_-0.3T record (Haneda et al. 2020a). j Magnetic susceptibility record (Haneda et al. 2020a). k High-resolution δ¹⁸O records from planktonic (G. bulloides) and l benthic foraminifers from CbCS (Haneda et al. 2020b). Thick lines are 1000 yr moving average profiles. Dashed lines are marine isotope stage and substage boundaries, based on Haneda et al. (2020b). Yellow shades at ~ 764 and 760 ka highlight Millennial Isotopic Oscillation (MIO)-Interstadial 2 and MIO-Interstadial 3, respectively (Haneda et al. 2020b), which correspond to relatively large variations in TOC and TN values. Although S-ratio_-0.3T, magnetic susceptibility, and δ¹⁸O records of the CbCS has been the subject of a series of investigations over the past 5 years (Suganuma et al. 2015, 2018; Okada et al. 2017; Simon et al. 2019; Haneda et al. 2020a, b) during which successive refinements have been incorporated, this paper refers to the latest and refined data set of Haneda et al. (2020a, b)