Relationship between physical and biogeochemical parameters and the scenario dependence of the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Table 1 Nature and ranges of the parameters perturbed in the present study

Parameter	Component	Default	Range	High weight range	Ref.
Climate sensitivity	Atmosphere	1.7	1–6 K	2–4.5 K	a
Vertical diffusivity	Ocean	0.1–2.5 cm²/s*	0.5–2.0 × default	–	b–g
Horizontal diffusivity	Ocean	1 × 10⁷ cm²/s	0.35–1.5 × default	–	h, i
Gent–McWilliams thickness	Ocean	7 × 10⁶ cm²/s	1–10 ×10⁶ cm² s⁻¹	–	J
Magnitude of freshwater flux adjustment	Ocean	1.0 (ratio to the values by Oort 1983)	0.5–2.0	–	k
Coefficient for marine CO₂ uptake	Marine carbon	1	0.4–1.0	–	l, m, n
Maximum photosynthetic rate	Land carbon	8.0–13.5 μmolCO₂/(m² s)**	0.8–3.0 × default	0.8–2.0 × default	o
Specific leaf area	Land carbon	110–170 cm²/(g dry matter) **	0.5–2.5 × default	0.5–1.5 × default	p, q
Minimum temperature for photosynthesis	Land carbon	− 5.0–11.0 °C **	− 3.0–+ 3.0 °C of default	–	r
Coefficient for temperature dependency of plant respiration	Land carbon	2.0 (dimensionless)	1.5–3.0	–	s, t
Parameter of temperature dependency of soil respiration	Land carbon	46.02 K	40–60 K	–	r

* Depth-dependent; **biome-dependent; a: Bindoff et al. (2013); b: Huber and Zanna (2017); c: Hasumi and Suginohara (1999); d: Tatebe et al. (2018); e: Melet et al. (2016); f: Simmons et al. (2004); g: Waterhouse et al. (2014); h: Collins et al. (2007); i: Roach et al. (2018); j: Visbeck et al. (1997); k: Talley (2008); l: Denman et al. (2007); m: Ciais et al. (2013); n: Tachiiri et al. (2013); o: Peterson et al. (1999); p: Kattge et al. (2011); q: Gong and Gao (2019); r: Verbeeck et al. (2011); s: Bolstad et al. (1999); t: Tjoelker et al. (2001)