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Fig. 4 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 4

From: Model improvement and future projection of permafrost processes in a global land surface model

Fig. 4

Permafrost area of the historical model simulation (blue) and observation (outlined in black) for the simulations with the atmospheric forcings of all five GCMs (GFDL-ES2M, Dunne et al. 2012; HadGEM2-ES, Jones et al. 2011; IPSL-CM5A-LR, Dufresne et al. 2013; Nor-ESM, Bentsen et al. 2013; MIROC-ESM-CHEM, Watanabe et al. 2011). The upper panel shows the results with the improved scheme; the lower panel shows the results with the conventional scheme

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