Table 1 Subsets of climate simulation experiments in d4PDF under different climate conditions. ΔT in the forth column means differences in past and future climatologies of SST and SIC computed from CMIP5 RCP8.5 experiments by six climate models (CCSM4, GFDL-CM3, HadGEM2-AO, MIROC5, MPI-ESM-MR, and MRI-CGCM3). Two numbers in brackets following ΔT indicate the year range for RCP8.5 SST trend used in the future climate simulation. The baseline of nonwarming SSTs is the climatology for the period from 1900 to 1919
From: d4PDF: large-ensemble and high-resolution climate simulations for global warming risk assessment
| Experiment | Ensemble members | Integration years/period | Boundary conditions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 100 | From 1951 onward | Observed SSTs and SIC | Mizuta et al. (2017) |
| (Hirahara et al. 2014) | ||||
| Nonwarming | 100 | From 1951 onward | Detrended observed SSTs and SIC : \(\delta \intercal \) | Mizuta et al. (2017), Kawase et al. (2019) |
| +1.5 K future | 54 | 29 years*1 | \(\delta \intercal \)(2020-2039) + \(\delta \intercal \) | Nosaka et al. (2020) |
| +2 K future | 54 | 60 years | \(\delta \intercal \)(2030–2049) + \(\delta \intercal \) | Fujita et al. (2019) |
| +4 K future | 90 | 60 years | \(\delta \intercal \)(2080–2099) + \(\delta \intercal \) | Mizuta et al. (2017) |