Global and Arctic effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic gases and aerosols in MRI-ESM2.0

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Table 3 Arctic (60–90°N) annual mean effective radiative forcings and surface air temperatures of each experiment

Experiment name	ERF at TOA			ERF at surface			SAT
Experiment name	SW	LW	NET	SW	LW	NET	SAT
piClim-ghg	0.89	1.19	2.08	0.18	1.07	1.26	0.41
piClim-4xCO2^a	2.51 (0.61)	3.57 (0.86)	6.09 (1.47)	− 0.02 (− 0.00)	2.78 (0.67)	2.76 (0.67)	1.25
piClim-CH4	0.02	0.33	0.35	− 0.13	0.29	0.16	0.09
piClim-HC	− 0.36	0.42	0.06	− 0.05	0.21	0.16	0.02
piClim-N2O	− 0.19	0.13	− 0.07	− 0.08	0.09	0.01	− 0.00
piClim-VOC	0.00	− 0.06	− 0.05	− 0.14	0.11	− 0.03	0.04
piClim-NOx	0.55	− 0.23	0.31	− 0.02	− 0.01	− 0.02	− 0.04
piClim-O3	0.38	− 0.06	0.32	− 0.09	0.11	0.02	0.04
piClim-NTCF	− 0.46	0.35	− 0.11	− 1.03	0.40	− 0.63	− 0.09
piClim-aer	− 0.85	0.25	− 0.59	− 0.97	0.46	− 0.51	0.03
piClim-BC	0.60	0.01	0.61	0.09	0.36	0.45	0.22
piClim-OC	− 0.53	0.23	− 0.29	− 0.50	0.03	− 0.47	− 0.01
piClim-SO2	− 1.19	0.34	− 0.85	− 0.97	0.34	− 0.63	− 0.10
piClim-lu	− 0.05	0.06	0.01	0.02	−0.09	− 0.07	− 0.02
piClim-anthro	− 0.01	1.95	1.94	− 0.95	1.58	0.63	0.49

SAT values are the differences in the 30-year annual mean values between each experiment and the piClim-control experiment. ERF and SAT values are given in units of W m⁻² and K, respectively
ERF effective radiative forcing, TOA top of the atmosphere, SAT surface air temperature, SW shortwave, LW longwave, NET SW + LW, NTCF near-term climate forcers
^aValues in parentheses are the ERFs of CO₂ at the present-day concentrations as estimated from the piClim-4xCO2 experiment