Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Table 2 Global annual mean effective radiative forcings of each experiment

From: Global and Arctic effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic gases and aerosols in MRI-ESM2.0

	ERF at TOA												ERF at surface
Experiment name	SW				LW				NET				SW	LW	NET
	ARI	ACI	ALB	Total	ARI	ACI	ALB	Total	ARI	ACI	ALB	Total	Total	Total	Total
piClim-ghg	---	---	---	0.63	---	---	---	2.40	---	---	---	3.02	− 0.03	1.33	1.30
piClim-4xCO2^a	---	---	---	1.97 (0.48)	---	---	---	5.69 (1.38)	---	---	---	7.66 (1.85)	− 0.79 (− 0.19)	3.36 (0.81)	2.57 (0.62)
piClim-CH4	---	---	---	0.09	---	---	---	0.62	---	---	---	0.71	− 0.06	0.33	0.27
piClim-HC	---	---	---	− 0.22	---	---	---	0.52	---	---	---	0.30	0.05	0.23	0.29
piClim-N2O	---	---	---	− 0.06	---	---	---	0.22	---	---	---	0.16	0.06	0.03	0.09
piClim-VOC	---	---	---	− 0.09	---	---	---	0.07	---	---	---	− 0.03	− 0.19	0.12	− 0.06
piClim-NOx	---	---	---	0.27	---	---	---	− 0.29	---	---	---	− 0.02	− 0.02	0.06	0.04
piClim-O3	---	---	---	0.14	---	---	---	− 0.07	---	---	---	0.07	− 0.16	0.20	0.05
piClim-NTCF	---	---	---	2.53	---	---	---	1.45	---	---	---	− 1.08	− 3.39	0.87	− 2.52
piClim-aer	− 0.32	− 2.47	0.05	− 2.74	0.00	1.49	0.03	1.52	− 0.32	− 0.98	0.08	− 1.22	− 3.26	0.68	− 2.57
piClim-BC	0.26	− 1.63	0.15	− 1.22	− 0.00	1.54	− 0.08	1.45	0.25	− 0.09	0.07	0.24	− 1.95	0.78	− 1.17
piClim-OC	− 0.07	− 0.43	− 0.02	− 0.52	0.00	0.21	− 0.03	0.18	− 0.07	− 0.21	− 0.05	− 0.33	− 0.52	0.05	− 0.47
piClim-SO2	− 0.49	− 1.36	− 0.05	− 1.90	0.00	0.42	0.09	0.52	− 0.48	− 0.94	0.05	− 1.38	− 1.77	0.21	− 1.56
piClim-lu	---	---	---	− 0.21	---	---	---	0.03	---	---	---	− 0.19	− 0.16	− 0.25	− 0.41
piClim-anthro	---	---	---	− 2.21	---	---	---	4.16	---	---	---	1.96	− 3.56	2.01	− 1.56

Values are given in units of W m⁻²
ERF effective radiative forcing, TOA top of the atmosphere, SW shortwave, LW longwave, NET SW + LW, ARI aerosol-radiation interactions, ACI aerosol-cloud interactions, ALB surface albedo effects, NTCF near-term climate forcers
^aValues in parentheses are the ERFs of CO₂ at present-day concentrations as estimated from the piClim-4xCO2 experiment

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