Fig. 9
From: Global and Arctic effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic gases and aerosols in MRI-ESM2.0
Horizontal distributions of the annual mean net (net, shortwave + longwave) ERFs (W m−2, filled contours) at the TOA in the (a) piClim-anthro, (b) piClim-ghg, (c) piClim-CH4, (d) piClim-aer, (e) piClim-BC, and (f) piClim-SO2 experiments in MRI-ESM2.0. The ERF values averaged over the Arctic region (60–90°N) are shown near the upper-right corner of each panel and are given in Table 3. The black circles denote a latitude of 60°N