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Fig. 8 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 8

From: Ocean carbon pump decomposition and its application to CMIP5 earth system model simulations

Fig. 8

Vector diagrams of the ocean carbon pumps from a the observation and b–k CMIP5 simulations: b CMIP5 model mean, c CESM1-BGC, d GFDL-ESM2G, e GFDL-ESM2M, f HadGEM2-ES, g IPSL-CM5A-LR, h IPSL-CM5A-MR, i MPI-ESM-LR, j MPI-ESM-MR, and k NorESM1-ME. The contours show oceanic pCO2 as a function of DIC and ALK calculated under temperature of 18.16 °C and salinity of 34.59 psu. Solid and open circles represent averaged values over the global (i.e., [DIC]avr and [ALK]avr) and surface (i.e., [DIC]sfc and [ALK]sfc) oceans, respectively. Red, green, purple, and blue vectors are defined as ([ΔCorg]sfc, [ΔAorg]sfc), ([ΔCcaco3]sfc, [ΔAcaco3]sfc), ([ΔCgas]sfc, [ΔAgas]sfc), and ([ΔCfw]sfc, [ΔAfw]sfc), respectively. Units of the lateral and vertical axes are μmol/kg. The contour interval is 50 ppm, and contours larger than 2000 ppm are omitted

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