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Fig. 10 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 10

From: Estimation of temporal and spatial variation of sound speed in ocean from GNSS-A measurements for observation using moored buoy

Fig. 10

Numerical calculation for the contribution of horizontal gradient of sound speed for five types of structure to observed travel time, which is denoted by ΔTgrad in Eq. (10). The magnitude ΔV and azimuth ϕV of sound speed gradient were given by the displayed value. The color scale in three right figures shows the distributions of ΔTgrad calculated for each unit by setting ranging position (xs, ys) within a range of − 1000 to 1000 m

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