Climatic reconstruction at the Sannai-Maruyama site between Bond events 4 and 3—implication for the collapse of the society at 4.2 ka event

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Table 1 Sampled species, core depths, and results of radiocarbon dating

Sample type	Specific name	Sample no.	Depth (cm)	¹⁴C age (yrs BP)	Calendar age (cal. yrs BP)
Mollusca	Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay)	1–2	3.3	1080 ± 80	630 ± 70
Mollusca	Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay)	2–6	27.5	4030 ± 100	4051 ± 144
Benthic foraminifera	Mixed species	2–6	27.5	4170 ± 90	4259 ± 126
Mollusca	Leionucula tenuis (Montagu)	2–43	111.5	4930 ± 90	5263.5 ± 141
Mollusca	Ringiculina doliaris (Gould)	3–28	177.4	5600 ± 110	6016.5 ± 127
Benthic foraminifera	Mixed species	3–28	177.4	5610 ± 100	6017.5 ± 117
Mollusca	Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay)	4–15	248.6	6160 ± 120	6591 ± 140
Mollusca	Mercenaria stimpsoni (Gould)	5–39	403.9	7830 ± 110	8283 ± 109
Mollusca	Raetellops pulchellus (Adams & Reeve)	8–6	633.9	9450 ± 90	10,301.5 ± 106
Mollusca	Macoma cf. tokyoensis (Makiyama)	8–25	674.5	9490 ± 90	10,342.5 ± 113