Table 4 Summary of the statistics, POD, FAR and HSS, used in this study. They are computed from counts (letters a–d) in a 2 × 2 contingency table (N = 1078 in TI case, N = 1148 in NM case). a SPD rainfall > threshold, VnGP rainfall > threshold; b SPD rainfall > threshold, VnGP rainfall ≤ threshold; c SPD rainfall ≤ threshold, VnGP rainfall > threshold; and d SPD rainfall ≤ threshold, VnGP rainfall ≤ threshold