Fig. 4

Comparison of the ECS records and other regions. a δ18O from NGRIP with age model GICC05 (Svensson et al. 2008). b SST (black) and c SSS (black) of KR07–12 PC-01 with 1σ uncertainties superimposed on δ18Osp (orange) from China (Cheng et al. 2016). d L* (purple; Bassinot and Blatzer 2002) and ESR (green; Nagashima et al. 2011) of MD01-2407 in the Japan Sea, recalibrated to IntCal13. e Gulang mean grain size, Loess Plateau, China (Sun et al. 2012). Heinrich events 2 (H2), 3 (H3), and 4 (H4) are highlighted in blue. D-O cycle numbers are shown in the NGRIP δ18O. The high SSS events in the ECS are highlighted in yellow. The 14C-based datums (circles) and tie points (crosses) are shown in b for KR07-12 PC-01 and in d for MD01-2407. Red triangles (AT) represent AT tephra