Fig. 1

a An example of the simulated OLR. Blue and red squares show TCs and their precursors, respectively. Numeric values next to the squares represent elapsed time (positive numbers: TCs, negative numbers: precursors). b Detection results of TCs (blue dots) and their precursors (red dots) during 1979–2008 from NICAM. The definition of basins is based on Fudeyasu et al. (2014)