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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 8 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 8

From: Perspective on the response of marine calcifiers to global warming and ocean acidification—Behavior of corals and foraminifera in a high CO2 world “hot house”

Fig. 8

Meta-analysis of the effects of ocean warming on the growth (a) and photosymbiont health (b) of algal symbiont-bearing large benthic foraminifera, performed by Doo et al. (2014) (the figure is modified from Doo et al. 2014). Eight publications on culturing experimental studies up to the year 2014 were compiled for this meta-analysis, using log-transformed response ratios (LnRR) comparing the present-day condition and a projected future scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which projects changes of + 4 °C by the year 2100; IPCC 2013). Negative LnRR values represent negative impacts, whereas positive values indicate positive responses. Circles indicate the mean value, with error bars indicating 95% confidence intervals. The variability within one group comes from data between different studies as well as those within the same study. The number of data combined per treatment (group) is shown in parentheses on the x-axis. An asterisk indicates a significant difference compared with the present-day condition. All all foraminifera, Dino/Por dinoflagellate symbiont-bearing porcelaneous foraminifera, Dia/Hya diatom symbiont-bearing hyaline foraminifera, Dia/Por diatom symbiont-bearing porcelaneous foraminifera, Rho/Por rhodophyte-bearing porcelaneous foraminifera. Foraminifera representative of each group are shown in the small images

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