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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 6 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 6

From: Perspective on the response of marine calcifiers to global warming and ocean acidification—Behavior of corals and foraminifera in a high CO2 world “hot house”

Fig. 6

Comparison of an acidification condition experiment and the growth weight of foraminifera. Least mean square (± standard error) adjusted for the rearing tank of (a) the square root of the shell weight of A. kudakajimensis and (b) the cube root of the shell weight of C. gaudichaudii after the ocean acidification experiment (Hikami et al. 2011). In this experiment, foraminifera were cultured under five different pCO2 conditions, 245 (Low-[pCO2], comparable to pre-industrial condition), 375 (Control-[pCO2], comparable to modern condition), 588 (High-1-[pCO2]), 763 (High-2-[pCO2]), and 907 (High-3-[pCO2]) μatm, maintained with a precise pCO2-controlling technique. Arithmetic mean (± standard error) of (c) the square root of the shell weight of A. hemprichii and (d) the cube root of the shell weight of C. gaudichaudii after a constant carbonate ion ([CO3−2 = 217–218 μmol kg−1]) experiment (pCO2 conditions of 354 μatm for Low-[HCO3−], 398 μatm for control, 448 μatm for High-1-[HCO3−], 486 μatm for High-2-[HCO3−], and 511 μatm for High-3-[HCO3−]) (Hikami et al. 2011). Typical shapes of Amphisorus and Calcarina individuals are shown in panels (a) and (b), respectively

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