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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 4 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 4

From: Perspective on the response of marine calcifiers to global warming and ocean acidification—Behavior of corals and foraminifera in a high CO2 world “hot house”

Fig. 4

Depth profiles of temperature and salinity (a), total alkalinity and DIC (b), pH and total hydrogen concentration scale (c), and saturation states for calcite (Ωcal; d), and aragonite (Ωarag; e) at St. 96 (5° 00′ N, 144° 55.7′ E; water depth 4102 m; sampling date April 22, 1995) in the tropical western Pacific during the NOPACCS NH95-1 cruise (data were downloaded from http://pacifica.pices.jp/table/). The compositions of the surface water include a temperature of 29.4 °C, salinity of 33.859, DIC of 1870 μmol kg− 1, and total alkalinity of 2225 μmol kg−1. The chemical equilibrium calculation was conducted using CO2calc (Robbins et al. 2010) to elucidate temperature and pressure influences on changes in the depth profiles of Ωcal and Ωarag. Note that changes in CO2 system chemistry are responsible for rapid decreases in Ωcal and Ωarag below the surface layer, whereas pressure influence becomes dominant at greater depth. Ksp is much dependent on the pressure: Ksp for calcite = (1.95–0.0176 × T)10− 2 × S × 10((0.693–0.00645 × T)10–4 × z); Ksp for aragonite = (3.06–0.0217 × T)10− 2 × S × 10((0.650–0066 × T)10–4 × z)

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