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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 17 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 17

From: Perspective on the response of marine calcifiers to global warming and ocean acidification—Behavior of corals and foraminifera in a high CO2 world “hot house”

Fig. 17

Cenozoic climate changes and paleodiversity dynamics of planktic foraminifera. a Cenozoic climate change reconstruction from the stable oxygen isotope profile of deep sea benthic foraminifera (Zachos et al. 2008). b Changes in species number and proportion of photosymbiotic species (original data and categorization of photosymbiotic group are from Aze et al. 2011). PETM Paleocene Eocene thermal maximum, ETM2 Eocene thermal maximum 2, EECO Early Eocene climatic optimum, MECO Middle Eocene climatic optimum, EOT Eocene Oligocene transition, MMCO Middle Miocene climatic optimum, Paleo Paleocene, Oligo Oligocene, P Pliocene, Q Quaternary. After the rapid emergence of photosymbiotic species in the Paleocene, the proportion of photosymbiotic species fluctuate with a good correspondence to the climate. The proportion increased during warmer periods like PETM, EECO, and MECO, which indicate the advantage of photosymbiotic ecology during such a hot climate

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