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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 10 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 10

From: Perspective on the response of marine calcifiers to global warming and ocean acidification—Behavior of corals and foraminifera in a high CO2 world “hot house”

Fig. 10

Schematic diagram of coral calcification in terms of Ca2+ transport. δ44Ca values of 1.88‰ and 0.73‰ are reported for seawater (Hippler et al. 2003) and coral skeletons (as the mean value of all data) (Inoue et al. 2015), respectively. The value of − 1.2‰ represents the typical fractionation at the Ca-channel (Wiegand et al. 2005; Böhm et al. 2006; Gussone et al. 2006). Typical concentrations of Ca2+ in seawater, calicoblastic cells, and calcifying fluid are presented based on the reports of Al-Horani et al. (2003) for seawater and the calcifying fluid, and of Carafoli (2004) and Saris and Carafoli (2005) for the cells

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