Fig. 6

A schematic geologic profile at ~ 6 Ma and present. The profiling line A-A’ is shown in Fig. 1. A buoyant slab of the Philippine Sea Plate might have been stagnant beneath the crust of southwest Japan after the abnormal volcanic activity at ~ 13 Ma (Kimura et al. 2014) and the subduction of the slab restarted at ~ 6 Ma. The present rupture area in the eastern Nankai region might be controlled by the dense and stiff upper plate originating from the middle Miocene igneous rocks (Kimura et al. 2018)