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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 11 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 11

From: Review of the generation mechanisms of post-midnight irregularities in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere

Fig. 11

(a) Seasonal variation of ionospheric altitude; crosses represent hmF2 derived from foF2 and M(3000)F2 at Chumphon, Thailand. The running average of the daily hmF2 with a window of 3 months is shown by the red curve. The blue curve shows the altitude of the bottom-side ionosphere, which is defined as the altitude 40 km lower than the averagedhmF2 (red curve). (b) Estimated g × B drift velocity; the blue curve shows the g × B drift at the bottom side of the ionosphere as defined in the top panel. The black curve shows the g × B drift at a fixed altitude of 220 km (after Nishioka et al. 2012)

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