Table 1 Area-averaged (see Fig. 1a) mean surface variables in the CSM and PSM experiments and ERA-interim for corresponded periods. Note that heat fluxes, surface air temperature, and radiation are examined at 0600 UTC (1400 LT)
JJA | 1st HW | 2nd HW | 3rd HW | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface air temperature (°C) | CSM | 24.4 | 25.2 | 26.1 | 24.5 |
PSM | 24.2 | 25.3 | 25.5 | 24.2 | |
ERA-interim | 25.0 | 25.3 | 26.4 | 26.2 | |
Soil moisture (m3 m−3) | CSM | 0.173 | 0.180 | 0.172 | 0.164 |
PSM | 0.146 | 0.152 | 0.150 | 0.135 | |
ERA-interim | 0.210 | 0.211 | 0.215 | 0.201 | |
Latent heat (W m−2) | CSM | 128.6 | 140.3 | 140.3 | 117.0 |
PSM | 126.7 | 131.9 | 138.8 | 119.8 | |
ERA-interim | 141.2 | 152.6 | 162.9 | 128.0 | |
Sensible heat (W m−2) | CSM | 245.7 | 257.7 | 248.1 | 230.3 |
PSM | 255.0 | 270.5 | 252.7 | 236.0 | |
ERA-interim | 193.5 | 200.6 | 188.1 | 189.6 | |
Precipitation (mm day−1) | CSM | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0.7 |
PSM | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.8 | |
APHRODITE | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.5 | |
Downward shortwave radiation (W m−2) | CSM | 823.7 | 871.6 | 846.9 | 783.8 |
PSM | 823.8 | 867.5 | 837.3 | 782.1 | |
ERA-interim | 723.8 | 751.3 | 741.1 | 720.8 |