Fig. 3
From: Daytime F-region irregularity triggered by rocket-induced ionospheric hole over low latitude
a The geographic distributions of ionospheric pierce points (IPP) for the GNSS satellite-receiver links where the curves and dots marked by blue (gray) represent TEC reduction was (not) observed. The fan-shaped sector scanned by the seven beams of the Fuke radar is marked with red lines. The approximate trajectory of the rocket launched around 03:17 UT from Taiyuan is superposed in the plot. The triangles mark the locations of GNSS receivers, with the corresponding short name, longitude, and latitude listed in the right top. b Temporal variations of TEC reductions measured at the fixed IPPs from higher to lower latitudes (marked by blue dots in panel a). The horizontal bar in the bottom represents the occurrence of daytime F-region irregularities