Integrated tephrostratigraphy and stable isotope stratigraphy in the Japan Sea and East China Sea using IODP Sites U1426, U1427, and U1429, Expedition 346 Asian Monsoon

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Table 5 Compilation of age estimates for the regional tephra layers of this study

Name of widespread tephra	Abbreviation	Age	Error	Unit	Method ^*	References
Kikai-Akahoya	K-Ah	ca. 6.5		ka BP	14C	Okuno et al. 2013
Kikai-Akahoya	K-Ah	7.7	± 2	ka	TL	Nagatomo et al. 2005
Sakurajima-Satsuma	Sz-S	ca. 12.8		cal ka BP	14C	Okuno 2002
		13.8	± 1.3	ka	TL	Shitaoka et al. 2016
		13.4	± 2	ka	TL	Shitaoka et al. 2016
Aira-Tanzawa	AT	25.12	± 0.27	ka BP	14C	Miyairi et al. 2004
		26	± 4	ka	TL	Nagatomo et al. 2005
		27	± 5	ka	TL	Nagatomo et al. 2005
Aso-4	Aso-4	89	± 7	ka	K-Ar	Matsumoto 1996
Kikai-Tozurahara	K-Tz	98	± 26	ka	FT	Danhara 1995
Kikai-Tozurahara	K-Tz	96.7	± 7.1	ka	RTL	Miyairi 2007
Ata	Ata	100	± 27	ka	FT	Danhara 1995
Ata	Ata	108	± 3	ka	K-Ar	Matsumoto and Ui 1997
Sanbe-Kisuki	SK	100	± 20	ka	FT	Kimura et al. 1999
Sanbe-Kisuki	SK	110	± 14	ka	TL	Shitaoka et al. 2009
Aso-3	Aso-3	123	± 6	ka	K-Ar	Matsumoto et al. 1991
Ata-Torihama	Ata-Th	240	± 40	ka	FT	Danhara 1995
Aso-1	Aso-1	266	± 14	ka	K-Ar	Matsumoto et al. 1991
Kakuto	Kkt	360	± 80	ka	FT	Danhara 1995
Kakuto	Kkt	340	± 10	ka	K-Ar	Machida and Arai 2003
Kobayashi-Kasamori	Kb-Ks	620	± 80	ka	FT	Danhara 1995
Hakkouda-Kokumoto	Hkd-Ku	ca. 650		ka	K-Ar	Muraoka 1991
Hakkouda-Kokumoto	Hkd-Ku	650	± 160	ka	FT	Hirosaki City 2001
Shishimuta-Pink	Ss-Pink	990	± 30	ka	K-Ar	Uto and Suto 1985
Shishimuta-Pink	Ss-Pink	1040	± 50	ka	FT	Danhara et al. 1994

^*14C radiocarbon dating method, TL thermoluminescence dating, FT fission track dating, RTL red thermoluminescence dating, K-Ar Potassium-Argon dating