Fig. 12
From: Cenozoic sedimentary records of climate-tectonic coupling in the Western Himalaya
Comparison of climate, erosion and exhumation proxies in the Himalaya. a Abundance of G. bulloides at ODP Site 730 on the Oman margin as a proxy for summer monsoon wind strength (Gupta et al. 2015). b Carbon isotope character of pedogenic carbonate in Pakistan as an indicator of dominant vegetation in the Potwar Plateau of Pakistan (Quade et al. 1989), and NW India (Singh et al. 2011). c Global d18O as a proxy for seawater temperatures and/or ice volume from Zachos et al. (2001). d Degree of chemical alteration of sediments on the Indus continental shelf at Indus Marine A-1 as measured by K/Al and CIA (Clift et al. 2008), e Rates of sediment supply to the Arabian Sea calculated from regional seismic (Clift 2006). f Exhumation rates of the Greater Himalaya tracked by bedrock Ar-Ar dating (Clift et al. 2008) and foreland basin sediment (Szulc et al. 2006)