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Table 5 Results of t-test comparison between unthinned and thinned settings (Semantic Differential Method)

From: The effect of slight thinning of managed coniferous forest on landscape appreciation and psychological restoration

 

Unthinned

Thinned

t

p

 

r

 

mean

S.D.

mean

S.D.

    

Bright (1) - Dark (7)

2.3

±0.8

3.1

±1.19

-2.48

0.027

*

0.552

Open (1) - Closed (7)

2.3

±1.11

2.7

±1.35

-1.03

0.320

 

0.266

Artificial (1) - Natural (7)

5.7

±0.82

5.4

±1.3

0.59

0.565

 

0.156

Smelly (1) - Odorless (7)

3.6

±1.35

3.3

±1.23

0.48

0.639

 

0.128

Still (1) - Animated (7)

5.0

±1

4.5

±1.13

1.37

0.192

 

0.345

Comfortable (1) - Uncomfortable (7)

2.5

±1.06

2.7

±1.22

-0.49

0.629

 

0.131

Quiet (1) - Noisy (7)

3.2

±1.35

3.3

±1.5

-0.24

0.815

 

0.064

Ugly (1) - Beautiful (7)

5.6

±0.74

5.3

±0.9

1.07

0.301

 

0.277

Pleasing sound (1) - Irritating noise (7)

2.5

±1.41

3.1

±1.25

-1.21

0.245

 

0.309

Friendly (1) - Unfriendly (7)

2.4

±0.74

2.3

±0.72

0.32

0.751

 

0.087

Dull (1) - Refreshing (7)

5.9

±0.64

5.1

±1.44

1.87

0.082

#

0.448

Orderly (1) - Chaotic (7)

3.7

±1.39

3.7

±1.18

0.12

0.906

 

0.033

Warm (1) - Cool (7)

4.9

±1.03

4.7

±1.23

0.72

0.484

 

0.189

Insecure (1) - Secure (7)

4.9

±1.1

4.6

±1.18

0.66

0.519

 

0.174

Gentle lighting (1) - Too bright (7)

2.8

±0.94

2.3

±0.7

1.88

0.081

#

0.449

Thin (1) - Thick (7)

4.0

±0.66

3.3

±0.98

1.78

0.096

#

0.431

Flat (1) - Three dimensional (7)

5.3

±1.5

5.3

±1.35

0.00

1.000

 

0.000

Awaking (1) - Soothing (7)

4.7

±1.16

4.9

±1.44

-0.39

0.700

 

0.105

Enchanted (1) - Disenchanted (7)

3.5

±0.74

3.2

±1.08

0.79

0.442

 

0.207

Fragrant (1) - Malodorous (7)

3.5

±0.74

3.3

±0.7

0.94

0.364

 

0.244

Non enjoyable (1) - Enjoyable (7)

5.7

±0.59

5.8

±0.78

-0.27

0.792

 

0.072

Restless (1) - Calm (7)

5.4

±1.18

5.3

±1.44

0.26

0.796

 

0.071

Dry (1) - Wet (7)

3.8

±0.86

5.3

±0.96

-3.90

0.002

**

0.722

Nondescript (1) - Unique (7)

3.4

±0.74

3.7

±1.03

-1.05

0.313

 

0.27

Healthy (1) - Unhealthy (7)

2.5

±0.52

2.4

±0.83

0.62

0.546

 

0.164

  1. Likert scale of seven stages was used for this questionnaire
  2. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, # p < 0.1 paired t-test