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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 9 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 9

From: Subduction initiation from a stagnant lid and global overturn: new insights from numerical models with a free surface

Fig. 9

Time snapshots of SI by global mantle flow. Temporal evolution of subduction initiation in a global, 3-D spherical experiment (g l o b a l4) showing the cold plates by viscosity isosurfaces (grey) and mantle plumes by a temperature isosurface (red). Individual snapshots highlight the different phases characterised by a onset of hot mantle plumes, b local lithospheric thinning, c-d development of strong LAB-topography through shallow horizontal mantle flow and an additional plume pulse, e-f plate failure, and finally g-h buoyancy-driven subduction

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