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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 4 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 4

From: Subduction initiation from a stagnant lid and global overturn: new insights from numerical models with a free surface

Fig. 4

Occurrence of SI with variable composite yield stresses. Subduction initiation by small-scale convection (after Solomatov 2004) depending on the composite yield stress that is varied between (a, d) σ y,const=7.3 MPa with Δ σ y =0.0045 (l i d C1 & l i d C4), (b, e) σ y,const=8.7 MPa with Δ σ y =0.0054 (l i d C2 & l i d C5) and (c, f) σ y,const=10.2 MPa with Δ σ y =0.0063 (l i d C3 & l i d C6). The temperature fields are shown for experiments employing a free-slip surface (left hand side column) and a free surface (right hand side column). Grey contours indicate streamlines of the flow and the red title colour indicates occurrence of SI

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