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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 3 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 3

From: Subduction initiation from a stagnant lid and global overturn: new insights from numerical models with a free surface

Fig. 3

Occurrence of SI with variable constant yield stresses. Subduction initiation by small-scale convection (after Solomatov 2004) depending on the constant yield stress σ y,const that varies from the dimensional value of (a, d) σ y,const=4.4 MPa (l i d A1 & l i d A4) to (b, e) σ y,const=5.8 MPa (l i d A2 & l i d A5) and (c, f) σ y,const=7.3 MPa (l i d A3 & l i d A6). The temperature fields are shown for experiments employing a free-slip surface (left hand side column) and a free surface (right hand side column). Grey contours indicate streamlines of the flow and the red title colour indicates occurrence of SI

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