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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 7 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 7

From: Hydrogen and carbon isotope systematics in hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis under H2-limited and H2-enriched conditions: implications for the origin of methane and its isotopic diagnosis

Fig. 7

Cartoons of intra- and trans-membrane fluxes of the molecules in hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis relating to hydrogen and carbon isotope systematics. Each five panel represents methanogenic characteristics with respect to growth rate and pH2 condition for the growth. Red arrows represent significant molecular fluxes relating with CH4 isotope ratios. Light green and blue arrows represent significant molecular fluxes not relating with CH4 isotope ratios. Grey arrows represent negligible molecular fluxes. Dash-dotted circles are cell membrane, and arrows enclosed by dotted lines represent multistep methanogenic reaction (numbers of the arrows have no meaning). A term “H2O” in cartoon represents both H2O and H+. See main text for details

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