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Table 2 Typical on-land sections along the Japanese coast and records of microfossils from these areas

From: Transitional changes in microfossil assemblages in the Japan Sea from the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene related to global climatic and local tectonic events

District

Formation

Lithology

Microfossils

Biozone

Bathymetry

1. Hokkaido (north)

Yuchi/Mochikubetsu

Fine sandstone

Diatom (Akiba, 2001; Sagayama, 2003)

NPD9 (younger than 2.4 Ma) (Akiba, 2001)

 

NPD8 (Sagayama, 2003)

Koetoi/Enbetsu

Diatomaceous mudstone

Diatom (Akiba, 2001)

NPD7B–NPD8 (Akiba, 2001)

 

2. Hokkaido (southwest)

Setana/Urura

Medium–coarse sandstone

Foraminifera (Nojo et al., 1999; Nemoto and Oikawa, 2006), nannofossil (Nojo et al., 1999)

CN13b–CN14a, PF8 (Nojo et al., 1999)

Sublittoral to upper bathyal (Nemoto and Oikawa, 2006)

Kuromatsunai (type locality)

Medium sand–siltstone

Foraminifera (Masatani and Ohkura, 1980; Tsubakihara et al., 1989), diatom (Masatani and Ohkura, 1980; Tsubakihara et al., 1989)

NPD9 (Tsubakihara et al., 1989)

Lower sublittoral to middle bathyal (Masatani and Ohkura, 1980)

Tate

Diatomaceous siltstone

Foraminifera (Masatani and Ohkura, 1980), diatom (Masatani and Ohkura, 1980)

NPD7B–NPD8 (Masatani and Ohkura, 1980)

Sublittoral to bathyal (Masatani and Ohkura, 1980)

3. Shimokita Peninsula

Hamada

Sandstone–siltstone

Foraminifera (Sugawara et al., 1997; Nemoto and Yoshimoto, 2001), Ostracoda (Ozawa and Domitsu, 2010)

CN13 (ca. 1.2–1.5 Ma, Sugawara et al., 1997)

Upper shelf to inner bay (Ozawa and Domitsu, 2010), inner sublittoral to upper bathyal (Nemoto and Yoshimoto, 2001)

PF7 (Sugawara et al., 1997)

4. Tsugaru

Daishaka

Fine–medium sandstone

Foraminifera (Hata and Nemoto, 2005), Ostracoda (Ozawa, 2007)

PF8/PF9 (Hata and Nemoto, 2005)

Sublittoral to upper bathyal (Hata and Nemoto, 2005)

Tsukushimoriyama

Fine sandstone–siltstone

Foraminifera (Hata and Nemoto, 2005)

PF7 (Hata and Nemoto, 2005)

Upper bathyal (Hata and Nemoto, 2005)

Narusawa

Fine sandstone

Nannofossil (Okada, 1988), Foraminifera (Matoba, 1988), diatom (Maruyama, 1988; Akiba and Hiramatsu, 1988)

CN12 (Okada, 1988)

Upper bathyal (Matoba, 1988)

NPD8 (Akiba and Hiramatsu, 1988)

NPD9 (according to present of N. seminae in occurrence list of Maruyama, 1988)

 

Maido

Diatomaceous, siltstone

Foraminifera (Nemoto 1990), Radiolaria (Hanagata and Miwa, 2002), diatom (Maruyama, 1988; Akiba and Hiramatsu, 1988)

PF6–PF7 (Nemoto 1990)

Middle/lower bathyal (lower part: Matoba, 1988) to upper bathyal (upper part: Nemoto 1990)

NPD7B–NPD8 (Maruyama, 1988; Akiba and Hiramatsu, 1988)

L. pylomaticus–C. sakaii zone (Hanagata and Miwa, 2002)

5. Akita (Oga Peninsula)

Kitaura

Alternations of fine sandstone and siltstone

Foraminifera (Sato et al., 1988a), nannofossil (Sato et al., 1988a)

PF7 (Sato et al., 1988a)

Upper bathyal (according to the U. subperegrina assemblage)

U. subperegrina zone (Sato et al., 1988a)

CN13 including datum 12 to 6 of Sato et al. (2009), (Sato et al., 1988a)

Funakawa

Diatomaceous mudstone–siltstone

Foraminifera (Sato et al., 1988a), nannofossil (Sato et al., 1988a), Radiolaria (Hanagata et al. 2001b)

M. echigoensis zone (Sato et al., 1988a; Hanagata et al. 2001b)

Middle bathyal (according to the M. echigoensis assemblage)

L. pylomaticus–C. sakaii zone (Hanagata et al. 2001b)

5. Akita (Sasaoka area)

Sasaoka

Fine sandstone–siltstone

Foraminifera (Sato et al., 1988a), nannofossil (Sato et al., 1988a), Ostracoda (Yamada et al., 2002; Irizuki and Ishida, 2007)

C. yabei zone (Sato et al., 1988a)

Sublittoral (according to the C. yabei assemblage)

Tentokuji

Siltstone–mudstone

Foraminifera (Sato et al., 1988a; Hanagata and Watanabe, 2001), nannofossil (Sato et al., 1988a; Hanagata and Watanabe, 2001)

PF6–PF7 (Hanagata and Watanabe, 2001)

Upper bathyal (Hanagata and Watanabe, 2001)

CN12 including Datum A (Sato et al., 1988a; Hanagata and Watanabe, 2001)

M. echigoensis to U. subperegrina zone (Sato et al., 1988a; Hanagata and Watanabe, 2001)

6. Niigata

Haizume

Sandy siltstone–sandstone

Foraminifera (Sato et al., 1987), nannofossil (Sato et al., 1987)

PF8 (Sato et al., 1987)

Sublittoral (according to the C. yabei assemblage)

C. yabei zone (Sato et al., 1987)

Nishiyama

Siltstone–mudstone

Foraminifera (Sato et al., 1987), nannofossil (Sato et al., 1987)

PF7 (Sato et al., 1987)

Upper bathyal (according to the U. subperegrina assemblage)

U. subperegrina zone (Sato et al., 1987)

CN13 including datum 10 to 8 of Sato et al. (2009, 1987)

Tanihama

Siltstone

Foraminifera (Watanabe, 1976), diatom (Yanagisawa and Amano 2003)

NPD9 (Yanagisawa and Amano 2003)

Upper bathyal (according to the U. subperegrina assemblage)

U. subperegrina zone (Watanabe, 1976)

Nadachi

Mudstone

Foraminifera (Watanabe, 1976), diatom (Yanagisawa and Amano 2003)

NPD8 (Yanagisawa and Amano 2003)

Upper bathyal (according to the U. subperegrina assemblage)

U. subperegrina zone (Watanabe, 1976)

Kuwae

Siltstone–sandy siltstone

Foraminifera (Miwa et al., 2004a), diatom (Watanabe et al., 2003), nannofossil (Watanabe et al., 2003), Ostracoda (Yamada et al., 2005; Irizuki and Ishida, 2007; Irizuki et al., 2007)

PF7 (Miwa et al., 2004a)

Lower sublittoral to upper bathyal (Yamada et al. 2005)

NPD8–NPD9 (Watanabe et al., 2003)

Shiiya

Alternation of sandstone and mudstone

Foraminifera (Hanagata et al., 2001a), Radiolaria (Hanagata et al., 2001a)

L. pylomaticus–C. sakaii zone before 2.7 Ma

(Hanagata et al. 2001a)

Middle bathyal (according to the M. echigoensis assemblage)

M. echigoensis zone (Hanagata et al. 2001a)

7. Hokuriku

Omma

Fine sand–very fine sand

Foraminifera (Hasegawa, 1979; Takayama et al., 1988; Kitamura et al., 2001; Takata, 2000), nannofossil (Takayama et al., 1988), Ostracoda (Ozawa and Kamiya, 2001; 2005)

CN13–CN14 (Takayama et al., 1988; Takata, 2000)

Outer–inner sublittoral (Takata, 2000)

Junicho

Silty sandstone–sandy siltstone

Foraminifera (Hasegawa, 1979; Takayama et al., 1988), nannofossil (Hasegawa, 1979; Takayama et al., 1988)

CN13 including datum 12 to 11 of Sato et al. (2009) (Takayama et al., 1988)

Sublittoral (Takayama et al., 1988)

Yabuta

Fine sandstone–siltstone

Foraminifera (Hasegawa, 1979; Takayama et al., 1988; Miwa et al., 2004b), diatom (Watanabe, 2002), nannofossil (Takayama et al., 1988), Ostracoda (Cronin et al., 1994)

NPD7B–NPD9 (Watanabe, 2002)

Sublittoral to upper bathyal (Takayama et al., 1988; Cronin et al., 1994)

PF6–PF 7 (Miwa et al., 2004b)

8. Jeju Island

Sogwipo

Fine–coarse sandstone

Foraminifera (Kang et al., 2010), nannofossil (Yi et al. 1998), Ostracoda (Lee, 2014)

CN13a–CN14a (Yi et al. 1998)

Foreshore–inner shelf (Kang, 1995)

9. Okinawa

Ryukyu Group

Bioclastic limestone/siltstone

Foraminifera (Yamamoto et al., 2003), nannofossil (Yamamoto et al., 2005)

CN13b–CN14a (Yamamoto et al., 2005)

Reef–shelf (Yamamoto et al., 2003)

Shimajiri Group

Siltstone

Foraminifera (Ujiié and Kaneko, 2006), nannofossil (Tanaka and Ujiié 1984)

N16–N22 (Ujiié and Kaneko, 2006)

Upper bathyal (Ujiié and Kaneko, 2006)

CN9a–CN13a (Tanaka and Ujiié 1984)