Fig. 14

Force-freeness of the NLFFF. a Distribution of the force-free α measured at both footpoints of each magnetic field line for the NLFFF in Fig. 7 b, that is from Inoue et al. (2014a). The image is copyright AAS and reproduced by permission. b The temporal evolution of \(\int \mathbf {\nabla } \cdot \boldsymbol {B}dV\) during the iteration in which the NLFFF is attained