Sea surface temperature proxies (alkenones, foraminiferal Mg/Ca, and planktonic foraminiferal assemblage) and their implications in the Okinawa Trough

Kim, Ryoung Ah; Lee, Kyung Eun; Bae, Si Woong

doi:10.1186/s40645-015-0074-1

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Table 1 Information on marine sediment cores of the OT used for past SST reconstructions

From: Sea surface temperature proxies (alkenones, foraminiferal Mg/Ca, and planktonic foraminiferal assemblage) and their implications in the Okinawa Trough

Proxy	Core	Latitude, longitude	Water depth (m)	Age control				Time resolution (y)	Sedimentation rate (cm/ky)		Observed SST^a (°C)		Core-top proxy temp. (°C)	Average temperature (°C)		Calibration equation	Reference
Proxy	Core	Latitude, longitude	Water depth (m)	Method	Foraminiferal species	Reservoir age (y)	CALIB version	Time resolution (y)	Late Holocene	LGM	Observed SST^a (°C)		Core-top proxy temp. (°C)	Late Holocene	LGM	Calibration equation	Reference
U^K’ ₃₇	Z14-6	27° 07' N 127° 27' E	739	δ¹⁸O	Globigerinoides sacculifer	–	–	1000	5.4	5.8	25.0		–	26.3 ± 0.4	24.4 ± 0.6	Müller et al. (1998)	Zhou et al. (2007)
U^K’ ₃₇	Z14-6	27° 07' N 127° 27' E	739	δ¹⁸O	Neogloboquadrina dutertrei	–	–	1000	5.4	5.8	25.0		–	26.3 ± 0.4	24.4 ± 0.6	Müller et al. (1998)	Zhou et al. (2007)
	DGKS 9604	28° 17' N 127° 01 'E	766	¹⁴C	Neogloboquadrina dutertrei	–	4.4	100–300	20.4	19.1	25.6		26.2	26.1 ± 0.4	22.7 ± 0.4	Müller et al. (1998)	Yu et al. (2009)
	DGKS 9604	28° 17' N 127° 01 'E	766	¹⁴C	Planktonic foraminifer mixture (1071–1074 cm)	–	4.4	100–300	20.4	19.1	25.6		26.2	26.1 ± 0.4	22.7 ± 0.4	Müller et al. (1998)	Yu et al. (2009)
	KY07-04 PC-01	31° 38' N 128° 57' E	758	¹⁴C	Neogloboquadrina dutertrei	–	5.0	50–200	55.3	–	22.3		22.3	23.8 ± 0.4	–	Prahl et al. (1988)	Nakanishi et al. (2012a)
	MD98-2195	31° 38' N 128° 57' E	746	¹⁴C	Globigerina bulloides	400	4.3	125	66.1	74.2	22.3		23.9	23.7 ± 0.5	20.1 ± 0.8	Prahl et al. (1988)	Ijiri et al. (2005)
	MD98-2195	31° 38' N 128° 57' E	746	¹⁴C	Neogloboquadrina dutertrei	400	4.3	125	66.1	74.2	22.3		23.9	23.7 ± 0.5	20.1 ± 0.8	Prahl et al. (1988)	Ijiri et al. (2005)
Mg/Ca	MD01-2403	25.3° N 123.2° E	1420	¹⁴C	Globigerinoides spp.	400	5.0	~70	85.4	–	27.5		27.6	28.0 ± 0.6	–	Hastings et al. (2001)	Lin et al. (2006)
	MD01-2403	25.3° N 123.2° E	1420	¹⁴C	Orbulina universa	400	5.0	~70	85.4	–	27.5		27.6	28.0 ± 0.6	–	Hastings et al. (2001)	Lin et al. (2006)
	MD01-2404	26° 39' N 125° 49' E	1397	¹⁴C	Globigerinoides ruber	400	6.0	68–373	53.6	52.4	27.1		26.9	27.1 ± 0.7	24.3 ± 0.7	Hastings et al. (2001)	Chen et al. (2010)
				¹⁴C	Globigerinoides sacculifer	400	6.0
				δ¹⁸O	Uvigerina spp.	–	–
	KH13-4-HR2MC	27° 40' N 127° 23' N	1675	Core-top sediment				–	–	–	26.8		26.7	–	–	Hastings et al. (2001)	Horikawa et al. (2015)
	A7	27° 49' N 126° 59' E	1264	¹⁴C	Neogloboquadrina dutertrei	700	5.0	22–150	18.2	–	27.2		–	26.6 ± 0.6	–	Hastings et al. (2001)	Sun et al. (2005)
	KY07-04 PC-01	31° 38' N 128° 57' E	758	¹⁴C	Neogloboquadrina dutertrei	–	5.0	50–200	55.3	102.0	24.9		24.9	25.9 ± 0.9	21.8 ± 1.1	FP-12E, SIMMAX28	Jian et al. (2000)
Foram. Assem^b	255	25° 12' N 123° 07' E	1575	¹⁴C	Neogloboquadrina dutertrei	–	–	185	59.4	-	Aug.	28.9	(29.0/28.8)^c	(28.8 ± 0.3/28.8 ± 0.1)^c	–	FP-12E, SIMMAX28	Jian et al. (2000)
											Feb.	23.3	(24.3/24.3)^c	(24.3 ± 0.9/23.9 ± 1.2)^c	–
	MD01-2404	26° 39' N 125° 49' E	1397	¹⁴C	Globigerinoides ruber	400	5.0	62–202	53.9	48.5	Aug.	28.9	28.6	28.6 ± 0.1	27.9 ± 0.6	RAM	Chang et al. (2008)
	MD01-2404	26° 39' N 125° 49' E	1397	¹⁴C	Globigerinoides sacculifer	400	5.0	62–202	53.9	48.5	Aug.	28.9	28.6	28.6 ± 0.1	27.9 ± 0.6	RAM	Chang et al. (2008)
											Feb.	22.5	23.3	23.4 ± 0.8	22.5 ± 1.2
	DGKS 9603	28°09' N 127° 16' E	1100	¹⁴C	Globorotalia menardii	400	4.1	46–474	4.0	11.6	Aug.	29.0	27.7	28.5 ± 0.4	27.1 ± 0.4	MAT	Li et al. (2001)
					Globigerinoides sacculifer
					Neogloboquadrina dutertrei
											Feb.	22.1	25.0	25.5 ± 0.4	24.0 ± 0.6
	B-3GC	31° 29' N 128° 31' E	555	¹⁴C	Neogloboquadrina dutertrei	–	–	130	10.3	–	Aug.	28.4	(27.9/28.1)^c	(28.4 ± 0.3/28.5 ± 0.4)^c	–	FP-12E, SIMMAX28	Jian et al. (2000)
											Feb.	17.7	(19.1/21.3)^c	(20.3 ± 1.0/22.6 ± 1.8)^c	–

^aTemperature data from the JODC datacenter (http://www.jodc.go.jp). Temperatures for the alkenone proxy are the annual mean temperatures at depths of 0–30 m; those for the Mg/Ca proxy are June–November mean temperatures at depths of 0–50 m; and those for the summer and winter assemblage-based temperatures are August and February temperatures at 0 m, respectively ^bForaminiferal assemblage ^cNumbers in parenthesis refer to assemblage-based temperatures reconstructed using FP-12E and SIMMAX-28, respectively

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