From: Marine tephra in the Japan Sea sediments as a tool for paleoceanography and paleoclimatology
Tephra name | Tephra code | SiO2 | TiO2 | Al2O3 | FeO* | MnO | MgO | CaO | Na2O | K2O | Ref. | Remark |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baegdusan–Tomakomai tephra | B-Tm | 73.3 | 0.29 | 11.9 | 4.3 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.5 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 1 |  |
 (Mode 1) |  | 75.7 | 0.24 | 10.5 | 4.0 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.3 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 1 | Bimodal |
 (Mode 2) |  | 68.4 | 0.40 | 14.7 | 4.5 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 1.3 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 1 |  |
Kikai–Akahoya tephra | K-Ah | 75.0 | 0.53 | 13.0 | 2.5 | 0.07 | 0.50 | 2.0 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 1 |  |
Ulleung-3c tephra | U-3c | 61.20 | 0.58 | 19.20 | 3.11 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 1.56 | 6.36 | 7.48 | 2 | Â |
Ulleung-Oki tephra | U-Oki | 61.6 | 0.44 | 20.1 | 2.9 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 1 | Â |
Daisen–Kusatanihara Pumice | KsP or DMs | 72.24 | 0.21 | 16.27 | 1.44 | 0.04 | 0.40 | 2.17 | 4.23 | 3.03 | 3 |  |
Aira–Tanzawa tephra | AT | 78.4 | 0.13 | 12.2 | 1.2 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 1.1 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 1 |  |
Ulleung–Yamato tephra | U-Ym | 57.79 | 0.57 | 19.53 | 3.87 | 0.24 | 0.90 | 4.05 | 6.99 | 6.05 | 4 |  |
Baegdusan–Japan Basin tephra | B-J | 72.01 | 0.15 | 11.12 | 4.79 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.45 | 5.89 | 5.42 | 5 |  |
San’in 1 tephra | SAN1 | 76.68 | 0.16 | 12.67 | 0.93 | 0.43 | 0.22 | 1.34 | 3.19 | 4.39 | 5 |  |
Ulleung–Sado-oki tephra | U-Sado | 59.19 | 0.19 | 19.95 | 3.73 | 0.23 | 0.41 | 1.33 | 9.22 | 5.74 | 5 |  |
Baegdusan–Sado-oki tephra | B-Sado | 68.86 | 0.27 | 14.40 | 3.90 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.69 | 6.44 | 5.20 | 4 |  |
Baegdusan–Yamato Basin tephra | B-Ym | 67.00 | 0.36 | 15.28 | 4.63 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.92 | 6.12 | 5.49 | 4 |  |
Aso-4 tephra | Aso-4 | 72.7 | 0.43 | 14.9 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 1 | Â |
 (Mode 1) |  | 73.1 | 0.43 | 14.7 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 1 | Bimodal |
 (Mode 2) |  | 72.3 | 0.44 | 15.0 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 1 |  |
Toya tephra | Toya | 79.0 | 0.05 | 12.6 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.04 | 0.4 | 4.3 | 2.5 | 1 | Â |
Aso-3 tephra | Aso-3 | 71.0 | 0.71 | 15.0 | 2.5 | 0.07 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 3.8 | 4.9 | 1 | Â |
Ata–Torihama tephra | Ata-Th | 78.4 | 0.1 | 12.4 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 1 |  |
Aso-1 tephra | Aso-1 | 65.2 | 0.6 | 14.8 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 4.8 | 1 | Â |
 |  | – | 0.6 | 15.1 | 4.0 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 4.3 | 1 | *ICP |
Baegdusan–Oga tephra | B-Og | 70.59 | 0.52 | 18.44 | 4.54 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 1.28 | 6.17 | 6.24 | 6 |  |
Kobayashi–Kasamori tephra | Kb-Ks | 74.7 | 0.3 | 14.0 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 1 |  |
 |  | – | 0.2 | 12.1 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 1 | *ICP |
Hakkoda 1 tephra (0.75Â Ma; reference 9) | HKd1 or Hkd-Ku | 78.3 | 0.2 | 12.0 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 4.3 | 2.3 | 1 | Â |
Shishimuta–Azuki tephra (0.85 Ma; 9) | Ss-Az | 72.3 | 0.5 | 14.8 | 2.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 1 |  |
Shishimuta–Pink tephra (1.05 Ma; 9) | Ss-Pnk | – | 0.2 | 12.4 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 1 | *ICP |
Omine tephra (1.65Â Ma; 9) | Omn | 77.9 | 0.1 | 12.8 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 4.5 | 7 | Â |
 |  | – | 0.1 | 10.2 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 1 | *ICP |
Ebisutoge–Fukuda tephra (1.75 Ma; 9) | Ebs-Fkd | 76.8 | 0.1 | 13.1 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 7 |  |
 |  | – | 0.1 | 9.8 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 1 | *ICP |
Znp-Ohta tephra (3.9 Ma; 9) | Znp-Oht | – | 0.03 | 12.26 | 1.18 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.59 | 3.30 | 4.46 | 8 | *ICP |