MF and HF radar techniques for investigating the dynamics and structure of the 50 to 110 km height region: a review

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Table 3 MF/HF radars that have been retired since the review of Reid (1996)

Facility	Lat./long	Mode	Freq. (MHz)	Power (kW)	Remarks
Bribie Island, Australia	28 S, 153 E	SA, DBS	1.98	25	Long term
Christmas Island	2 N, 157 W	SA	1.98	25	Long term
Halley Base, Antarctica	76S, 26 W	IDI	2.75	10	Long term
Hawaii, USA	22 N, 156 W	SA	1.98	25	Long term
London, Canada	43 N, 81 W	SA	2.22	25	Long term
McMurdo, Antarctica	78 S,166 E	SA	1.98	50	Long term
Nanjing, China	32 N, 119 E	SA	2.00	25	Long term
Platteville, USA	40 N, 105 W	SA	2.219	25	Long term
Puerto Rico	19 N, 67 W	SA	1.95	25	Long term
Rarotonga, Cook Islands	22 S, 160 W	SA	1.98	25	Long term
Robsart, Canada	49 N, 109 W	SA	2.22	25	Campaign
Sylvan Lake, Canada	52 N, 114 W	SA	2.22	25	Campaign
Tindal, Australia	15 S, 132 E	SA	1.98	25	Campaign
Urbana, USA	40 N, 88 W	SA	2.66	25	Long term
Yamagawa, Japan	31 N, 131 E	SA	1.95	50	Long term

The Halley dynasonde operated successfully in IDI mode until it was relocated in 2008