Fig. 9

Results of the numerical simulation for a realistic velocity model. a The employed velocity model created by referring to Shinohara et al. (2008). Red, blue, and black lines represent Vp, Vs, and density profile, respectively. The sediment thickness is 0.4 km, and Vp and Vs are 1.6 and 0.2 km/s, respectively. The density is estimated based on Vp of 1.6 km/s through an empirical relation (Brocher 2005). b The synthetic waveform calculated with the velocity model in Fig. 9a and for Qs = 300. c The auto-correlation functions (ACFs) constructed with the synthetic waveform shown in Fig. 9b for Qs = 300 (top) and Qs = 110 (bottom). Red lines correspond to the theoretical two-way travel times of the first and second S reflection from the top of the basement. The blue line indicates the theoretical two-way travel time of S reflection from the oceanic Moho. d The incident angles of S wave to layer 3, layer 2, and sediment, in the case of horizontally propagating S wave in the mantle