|
Mesoscale electrodynamics and flows (including BBFs)
|
N
e, T
e, T
i, V
i
|
10
|
20 in the F region
|
2
|
85–400
|
|
Small-scale (auroral) dynamics
|
N
e
|
1
|
1
|
0.5
|
70–500
|
|
T
e, T
i, V
i
|
– “–
|
– “–
|
– “–
|
85–400
|
|
Fine-scale auroral structures
|
N
e, T
e, T
i
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
0.2
|
70–200
|
|
V
i
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
5
|
120–400
|
|
Ion outflow (natural and heater-induced)
|
N
e, T
e, T
i, V
i, ion comp.
|
10
|
10
|
20
|
200–1500
|
|
NEIALs (aperture synthesis imaging)
|
Raw data
|
0.03
|
0.05 at 300 km
|
1
|
100–1500
|
|
Ionospheric irregularities
|
N
e, T
e, T
i, V
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
90–800
|
|
Topside composition (O+, He+, H+)
|
mi (and N
e, T
e, T
i, V
i)
|
10
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
300–1500
|
|
Transition region composition (NO+/O2
+ vs. O+)
|
mi (and N
e, T
e, T
i, V
i)
|
10
|
N/A
|
10 km
|
100–300
|
|
High-energy particle events (SEPs, etc.)
|
N
e
|
1
|
10
|
1
|
50–400
|
|
T
e, T
i, V
i
|
– “–
|
– “–
|
– “–
|
100–400
|
|
Atmosphere-ionosphere coupling (AGW, winds)
|
N
e, T
e, T
i, V
i, V
n
|
<1 min
|
1
|
0.1 or better
|
As low as possible—120 km
|
|
Mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere (MST) small-scale dynamics
|
Vector neutral wind, N
e
|
<1 min
|
1
|
0.1 or better
|
As low as possible—110 km
|
|
D region phenomena
|
N
e, T
e (=T
i) V
i (=V
n)
|
1
|
1
|
0.3
|
70–90
|
|
PMSE, PMWE
|
Raw data, Doppler velocity, spectral width
|
<1 min
|
1
|
0.1 or better
|
55–95
|
|
Meteoroids and their effects on the background (Es, PMSE etc.), high-power mode
|
Raw data, polarisation matrix, and N
e, T
e, T
i, V
i
|
1 ms
|
0.01
|
0.01
|
(30) 70–200 (1000)
|
|
Planets and asteroids
|
Raw data, power, polarisation matrix
|
10-MHz sampling
| |
15 m
| |
|
Interplanetary scintillation
|
Raw data
|
0.01
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Heating experiments
|
N
e, T
e, T
i, V
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
100–2000
|
|
Heating experiments, aperture synthesis imaging
|
Spectra (raw data)
|
IPP (~2 ms)
|
0.01–0.05
|
0.1
|
100–300
|
|
Space debris monitoring and satellite tracking
|
Raw data, power, Doppler velocity
|
10-MHz sampling
| |
15 m
| |
|
Meteoroid monitoring (piggyback and low-power mode)
|
Raw data, polarisation matrix, and N
e, T
e, T
i, V
i
|
IPP ~100 ms for low-power mode
|
0.01
|
Down to 10 m
|
(30) 70–200 (1000)
|
