Table 1 Biogeographic proxies for the Kuroshio and Tsushima Currents
From: The Pliocene to recent history of the Kuroshio and Tsushima Currents: a multi-proxy approach
Kuroshio Current indicators | Tsushima Current indicators |
|---|---|
Microfossils | |
Planktic foraminifers | Planktic foraminifers |
Beella digitata | Globigerinoides ruber |
Globigerinella calida | Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Dextral) |
Globigerinoides ruber | Pulleniatina obliquiloculata |
Globigerinoides sacculifer | |
Globigernioides conglobatus | |
Globorotalia hirsuta | |
Globorotalia menardii | |
Pulleniatina obliquiloculata | |
Sphaeroidinella dehiscens s.l. | |
Indo-Pacific benthic foraminifers | Indo-Pacific benthic foraminifers |
Asterorotalia gaimardii | Asterorotalia gaimardii |
Asterorotalia spp. | Asterorotalia spp. |
Heterolepa margaritiferus | Heterolepa margaritiferus |
Pseudorotalia indopacifica | |
Nannoplankton | Nannoplankton |
Calcidiscus leptoporous | Calcidiscus leptoporous |
Ceratolithos cristatus | Gephyrocapsa oceanica |
Florisphaera profunda/profunda + Emiliania huxlei + Geophyrocapsa oceanica (F-EG ratio) | Helicosphaera carteri |
Gephyrocapsa oceanica | |
Helicosphaera carteri | |
Oolithus fragilis | |
Rhabdosphaera clavigera | |
Thoracosphaera spp. | |
Umbellosphaeara spp. | |
Umbilicosphaera siboga foliacea | |
Diatoms (see Table 2) | Diatoms (see Table 2) |
Ostracods | |
Argiloecia hanaii | Bradylyea |
Cytheropteron rhombea | Cytheropteron miurense |
Cytheropteron uchioi | Hirsutocythere? hanaii |
Munseyella japonica | Krithe |
Neonesidea oligodentata | Macrocypris decola |
Neonesidea oligodentata s.l. | |
Schizocythere kishinouyei | |
Radiolaria | Radiolaria |
Acrosphaera spinosa | Dictocoryne profunda |
Dictocoryne profunda | Dictocoryne truncatum |
Dictocoryne truncatum | Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus |
Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus | Euchitonia flucata |
Lithelius minor | Monozonium pachystylum |
Spongaster tetrars | Octopyle stenozona |
Spongosphaera streptcantha | Pseudocubus obeliscus |
Stylodictya arachnia | Spongosphaera streptcantha |
Stylodictya multispina | Tetrapyle octacantha |
Macrofossils | |
Molluscs (gastropods and bivalves) | Molluscs (gastropods and bivalves) |
Cryptopecten vesiculosus | Crenulilimopsis oblonga |
Cucullaea labiata | Cycladicama cumingi |
Cycladicama cumingi | Jupiteria gordonis |
Hartungia spp. | Paphia schnelliana |
Jupiteria confuse | Stellaria exutum |
Paphia amabilis | Zeuxis castus |
Paphia schnelliana | |
Stellaria exutum | |
Venus foveolata | |
Corals | Corals |
Acropora pruinosa | Cyphastrea spp. |
Acropora solitaryensis | Echinophyllia spp. |
Alveopora japonica | Favia speciosa |
Blastomussa wellsi | Hydnophora spp. |
Caulastreae tumida | |
Cyloseris hexagonalis | |
Cycloseris cyclolites | |
Cyphastrea chalcidicum | |
Cyphastrea microphthalma | |
Cyphastrea serailia | |
Echinophyllia apera | |
Euphyllia ancora | |
Favia speciosa | |
Goniapora columna | |
Goniapora lobata | |
Hydnophora exesa | |
Leptastreae purpurea | |
Leptoseris mycetoseroides | |
Oulastrea crispata | |
Pavona varians | |
Pleisastrea versipora | |
Porites heronensis | |
Psammocora profundacella | |
Psammocora superficialis |