Table 1 Biogeographic proxies for the Kuroshio and Tsushima Currents
From: The Pliocene to recent history of the Kuroshio and Tsushima Currents: a multi-proxy approach
Kuroshio Current indicators | Tsushima Current indicators |
|---|---|
Microfossils | Â |
 Planktic foraminifers |  Planktic foraminifers |
   Beella digitata |    Globigerinoides ruber |
   Globigerinella calida |   Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Dextral) |
   Globigerinoides ruber |    Pulleniatina obliquiloculata |
   Globigerinoides sacculifer |  |
   Globigernioides conglobatus |  |
   Globorotalia hirsuta |  |
   Globorotalia menardii |  |
   Pulleniatina obliquiloculata |  |
   Sphaeroidinella dehiscens s.l. |  |
 Indo-Pacific benthic foraminifers |  Indo-Pacific benthic foraminifers |
   Asterorotalia gaimardii |    Asterorotalia gaimardii |
   Asterorotalia spp. |    Asterorotalia spp. |
   Heterolepa margaritiferus |    Heterolepa margaritiferus |
   Pseudorotalia indopacifica |  |
  Nannoplankton |  Nannoplankton |
   Calcidiscus leptoporous |    Calcidiscus leptoporous |
   Ceratolithos cristatus |    Gephyrocapsa oceanica |
   Florisphaera profunda/profunda + Emiliania huxlei + Geophyrocapsa oceanica (F-EG ratio) |    Helicosphaera carteri |
   Gephyrocapsa oceanica |  |
   Helicosphaera carteri |  |
   Oolithus fragilis |  |
   Rhabdosphaera clavigera |  |
   Thoracosphaera spp. |  |
   Umbellosphaeara spp. |  |
   Umbilicosphaera siboga foliacea |  |
 Diatoms (see Table 2) |  Diatoms (see Table 2) |
 Ostracods |  |
   Argiloecia hanaii |    Bradylyea |
   Cytheropteron rhombea |    Cytheropteron miurense |
   Cytheropteron uchioi |    Hirsutocythere? hanaii |
  Munseyella japonica |    Krithe |
   Neonesidea oligodentata |    Macrocypris decola |
|  |    Neonesidea oligodentata s.l. |
|  |    Schizocythere kishinouyei |
 Radiolaria |  Radiolaria |
   Acrosphaera spinosa |    Dictocoryne profunda |
   Dictocoryne profunda |    Dictocoryne truncatum |
   Dictocoryne truncatum |    Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus |
   Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus |    Euchitonia flucata |
   Lithelius minor |    Monozonium pachystylum |
   Spongaster tetrars |    Octopyle stenozona |
   Spongosphaera streptcantha |    Pseudocubus obeliscus |
   Stylodictya arachnia |    Spongosphaera streptcantha |
   Stylodictya multispina |    Tetrapyle octacantha |
Macrofossils | Â |
 Molluscs (gastropods and bivalves) |  Molluscs (gastropods and bivalves) |
   Cryptopecten vesiculosus |    Crenulilimopsis oblonga |
   Cucullaea labiata |    Cycladicama cumingi |
   Cycladicama cumingi |    Jupiteria gordonis |
   Hartungia spp. |    Paphia schnelliana |
   Jupiteria confuse |    Stellaria exutum |
   Paphia amabilis |    Zeuxis castus |
   Paphia schnelliana |  |
   Stellaria exutum |  |
   Venus foveolata |  |
 Corals |  Corals |
   Acropora pruinosa |    Cyphastrea spp. |
   Acropora solitaryensis |    Echinophyllia spp. |
   Alveopora japonica |    Favia speciosa |
   Blastomussa wellsi |    Hydnophora spp. |
   Caulastreae tumida |  |
   Cyloseris hexagonalis |  |
   Cycloseris cyclolites |  |
   Cyphastrea chalcidicum |  |
   Cyphastrea microphthalma |  |
   Cyphastrea serailia |  |
   Echinophyllia apera |  |
   Euphyllia ancora |  |
   Favia speciosa |  |
   Goniapora columna |  |
   Goniapora lobata |  |
   Hydnophora exesa |  |
   Leptastreae purpurea |  |
   Leptoseris mycetoseroides |  |
   Oulastrea crispata |  |
   Pavona varians |  |
   Pleisastrea versipora |  |
   Porites heronensis |  |
   Psammocora profundacella |  |
   Psammocora superficialis |  |