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Figure 8 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Figure 8

From: A numerical experiment on the formation of the tropopause inversion layer associated with an explosive cyclogenesis: possible role of gravity waves

Figure 8

Histograms of N max 2 for different ζ TP , ∂w/∂z , or 2 w/∂z2 . Histograms of N max 2 in the TIL in the regions of either (a) ζ TP<0 and ζ TP≥0, (b) w/ z<0 and w/ z≥0, or (c) 2 w/ z2<0 and 2 w/ z2≥0. Computed from hourly outputs from t=24 to 36 h. The w/ z and 2 w/ z2 are computed at the same level as N max 2 . Each histogram is normalized by its sample size. Values on the top left are significance levels for the differences in mean N max 2 by the moving block bootstrap method with block sizes of (from top to bottom) 10×10×5, 20×20×10, and 40×40×10 grid points (or, equivalently 200 km × 200 km × 5 h, 400 km × 400 km × 10 h, and 800 km × 800 km × 10 h) in the x, y, and t directions.

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