Figure 1
From: Shaking conditions required for flame structure formation in a water-immersed granular medium
Flame structure in a sedimentary rock. Flame structure in a tuff layer (layer 2) observed in an outcrop on Jogashima Island, Kanagawa, Japan. The thickness of the layer 2 is approximately 60 mm, and the wavelength of the flame structure is λ ∼ 40 mm. The measured densities of the particles comprising these layers are as follows: layer 1 = 2,340; layer 2 = 2,140; layer 3 = 2,050; layer 4 = 2,230 (kg/m3).