Typhoon-induced sea surface cooling during the 2011 and 2012 typhoon seasons: observational evidence and numerical investigations of the sea surface cooling effect using typhoon simulations

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Table 5 Axisymmetrical mean latent heat fluxes and sea surface cooling effects for T1215, T1221L, and T1221H

Integration time	T1215			T1221L			T1221H
Integration time	Latent heat flux (uncoupled; W m⁻²)	Latent heat flux (coupled; W m⁻²)	Sea surface cooling (°C)	Latent heat flux (uncoupled; W m⁻²)	Latent heat flux (couple; W m⁻²)	Sea surface cooling (°C)	Latent heat flux (uncoupled; W m⁻²)	Latent heat flux (coupled; W m⁻²)	Sea surface cooling (°C)
24 h	596.3	402.5	1.3	275.1	209.4	0.5	302.6	219.8	0.6
(Ratio)		0.67			0.76			0.73
48 h	713.4	415.3	1.7	401.1	283.2	1.0	409.9	245.4	1.0
(Ratio)		0.57			0.71			0.60
72 h	690.1	484.1	1.0	395.3	213.6	1.5	409.9	247.6	1.4
(Ratio)		0.67			0.54			0.60