Fig. 14

As Fig. 13 but for vertical profiles of the amounts of positive (red) and negative (blue) graupel charge production simulated with the cloud microphysics schemes of SN14 (solid lines) and T08 (dashed lines) averaged over the entire clouded grid points in the analysis area during the entire analysis period. Black dotted and dashed lines indicate the − 10 °C and − 15 °C altitudes, respectively, averaged over the entire clouded grid points in the analysis area during the entire analysis period. The results of T08 and SN14 were both averaged for calculating the − 10 °C and − 15 °C altitudes. A clouded grid point is defined as a grid where the sum of the liquid water and ice water paths exceeded 1 g m⁻²