Fig. 13

Vertical profiles of mixing ratios of hydrometeors (black), graupel (red), and ice (green) simulated with cloud microphysics schemes of SN14 (solid lines) and T08 (dashed lines) averaged over the convective core area in the analysis area during the entire analysis period. Blue dotted and dashed lines indicate the − 10 °C and − 15 °C altitudes, respectively, averaged over the entire clouded grid points in the analysis area during the entire analysis period. The results of T08 and SN14 were both averaged for calculating the − 10 °C and − 15 °C altitudes. The hydrometeor mixing ratio (Q_hyd in the legends) is the sum of the mixing ratios of cloud, rain, ice, snow, and graupel, and the ice mixing ratio (Q_ice in the legends) is the sum of the mixing ratios of ice, snow, and graupel (\(={q}_{i}+{q}_{s}+{q}_{g}\)). A convective core area was defined as a grid where the sum of the liquid water and ice water paths exceeded 1 kg m⁻²