Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Table 1 Radiocarbon ages from the study site

From: Marine inundation history during the last 3000 years at Lake Kogare-ike, a coastal lake on the Pacific coast of central Japan

No.	Core location	Elevation (m T.P.)	Position	Conventional age (¹⁴C BP)	Calibrated age 2σ range (cal BP)	Calibrated age 2σ range (cal CE/BCE)	Material	Lab no.
1	K-1	− 2.51 to − 2.45	Between E3 and E4	304 ± 34	461–295	1489–1655 CE	Concentrated pollen	TKA-23301
2	K-1	− 2.98 to − 2.94	Below E5	777 ± 33	730–668	1220–1282 CE	Concentrated pollen	TKA-23296
3	K-1	− 3.73 to − 3.69	Above E7	590 ± 30	647–540	1303–1410 CE	Leaves, Cladium chinense, and seeds of unidentified taxa	Beta-581028
4	K-1	− 4.05 to − 4.01	Between E7 and E8	870 ± 30	901–690	1049–1260 CE	A leaf of unidentified taxon	Beta-581029
5	K-1	− 4.45 to − 4.43	Below E9	1130 ± 30	1174–958	776–992 CE	Najas spp., Potamogeton spp., Trapa spp., and unidentified taxa	Beta-531173
6	K-1	− 4.85 to − 4.81	Below 10	1430 ± 30	1367–1294	583–656 CE	Leaves and seeds of unidentified taxa	Beta-581030
7	K-1	− 5.06 to − 5.04	Above E13	1720 ± 30	1700–1539	250–411 CE	Fruits of unidentified taxa	Beta-531172
8	K-1	− 5.39 to − 5.35	Below E14	1841 ± 36	1829–1627	121–323 CE	Concentrated pollen	TKA-23290
9	K-2	− 2.08 to − 2.06	Above E2	150 ± 30	282–0	1668–present	Branch	Beta-531171
10	K-2	− 2.53 to − 2.50	Below E3	273 ± 50	475–0	1475–present	Concentrated pollen	TKA-23294
11	K-2	− 3.27 to − 3.24	Between E5 and E6	624 ± 33	655–551	1295–1399 CE	Concentrated pollen	TKA-23302
12	K-2	− 3.94 to − 3.90	E7	470 ± 30	541–492	1409–1458 CE	Leaves and seeds of unidentified taxa	Beta-581031
13	K-2	− 4.18 to − 4.14	Below E7	1100 ± 30	1062–933	888–1017 CE	Leaves and seeds of unidentified taxa	Beta-581032
14	K-2	− 4.68 to − 4.65	Above E9	1290 ± 30	1290–1154	660–796 CE	Leaf	Beta-583061
15	K-2	− 4.81 to − 4.77	Between E9 and E10	1330 ± 30	1300–1177	650–773 CE	Leaves and seeds of unidentified taxa	Beta-581033
16	K-2	− 5.28 to − 5.23	Above 12	560 ± 30	640–524	1310–1426 CE	Leaves and seeds of unidentified taxa	Beta-581034
17	K-3	− 3.41 to − 3.36	Above E5	780 ± 30	729–672	1221–1278 CE	Najas spp., Seeds of unidentified taxa, a fruit of unidentified taxon, and leaves	Beta-664442
18	K-3	− 3.55 to − 3.51	Below E6	900 ± 30	908–732	1042–1218 CE	Seeds of unidentified taxa, leaves	Beta-665871
19	K-3	− 4.59 to − 4.55	Between E10 and E11	1490 ± 30	1404–1309	546–641 CE	Leaves, Cladium chinense, and seeds of unidentified taxa	Beta-583062
20	K-4	− 2.09 to − 2.05	Within E1	287 ± 28	446–158	1504–1792 CE	Concentrated pollen	TKA-23297
21	K-4	− 2.72 to − 2.68	Above E2	209 ± 37	311–0	1639–present	Concentrated pollen	TKA-23298
22	K-4	− 3.09 to − 3.05	Below E3	303 ± 32	458–295	1492–1655 CE	Concentrated pollen	TKA-21913
23	K-4	− 3.33 to − 3.34	Below E5	260 ± 30	435–0	1515–present	Trapa spp.	Beta-545282
24	K-4	− 3.46 to − 3.42	Between E5 and E6	653 ± 38	670–555	1280–1395 CE	Concentrated pollen	TKA-24604
25	K-4	− 3.59 to − 3.55	Below E6	901 ± 45	915–729	1035–1221 CE	Concentrated pollen	TKA-21914
26	K-4	− 3.9 to − 3.88	Below E7	820 ± 30	782–678	1168–1272 CE	Leaves and seeds of unidentified taxa	Beta-528350
27	K-4	− 4.05 to − 4.00	Above E8	660 ± 30	670–557	1280–1393 CE	Leaves	Beta-545283
28	K-4	− 4.06 to − 4.02	Above E8	1371 ± 27	1344–1179	606–771 CE	Concentrated pollen	TKA-24607
29	K-4	− 4.28 to − 4.23	Between E8 and E9	1292 ± 39	1294–1126	656–824 CE	Concentrated pollen	TKA-21911
30	K-4	− 4.36 to − 4.35	Below E9	1300 ± 30	1289–1177	661–773 CE	Leaves	Beta-528349
31	K-4	− 4.54 to − 4.51	Below E10	1490 ± 30	1404–1309	546–641 CE	Leaves	Beta-528351
32	K-4	− 4.75 to − 4.69	Between E11 and E12	1540 ± 30	1516–1353	434–597 CE	Leaves and seeds of unidentified taxa	Beta-545279
33	K-4	− 4.84 to − 4.82	Above E12	1480 ± 30	1398–1308	552–642 CE	Leaves, branch, and fruits of unidentified taxa	Beta-528352
34	K-4	− 5.03 to − 5.02	Below E14	1650 ± 30	1687–1414	263–536 CE	Branch	Beta-528353
35	K-4	− 5.14 to − 5.03	Below E14	1500 ± 30	1466–1308	484–642 CE	Leaves	Beta-528354
36	K-4	− 5.23 to − 5.17	Between E14 and E15	1980 ± 30	1991–1831	41 BCE–119 CE	Fruits or seeds of an unidentified taxon	Beta-545280
37	K-4	− 5.33 to − 5.28	Above E15	2040 ± 27	2098–1891	148 BCE–59 CE	Concentrated pollen	TKA-24606
38	K-4	− 5.60 to − 5.57	Between E15 and E16	2420 ± 30	2695–2352	745–402 BCE	Najas spp., Fruits of unidentified taxa, and leaves	Beta-545281
39	K-4	− 5.70 to − 5.66	Below E16	2598 ± 40	2836–2516	886–566 BCE	Concentrated pollen	TKA-23299
40	K-5	− 2.41 to − 2.37	Below the 3rd shallowest event deposit	319 ± 30	461–306	1489–1644 CE	Concentrated pollen	TKA-23300
41	K-5	− 3.07 to − 3.03	Below the 3rd deepest event deposit	411 ± 35	522–326	1428–1624 CE	Concentrated pollen	TKA-23289
42	K-5	− 4.22 to − 4.18	Below E8	970 ± 30	928–798	1022–1157 CE	Leaves of Dicotyledoneae sp.	Beta-581027
43	K-5	− 4.55 to − 4.50	Below the deepest event deposit	1567 ± 37	1523–1383	427–567 CE	Concentrated pollen	TKA-23292
44	K-6	− 3.57 to − 3.52	Below E5	620 ± 30	651–551	1299–1399 CE	Seeds of unidentified taxa, and leaves	Beta-664440
45	K-6	− 5.16 to − 5.12	Above E12	1310 ± 30	1293–1177	657–773 CE	Leaves	Beta-664441
46	K-7	− 3.96 to − 3.92	Above E8	720 ± 30	719–568	1231–1382 CE	Seeds of unidentified taxa, a fruit of unidentified taxon, and leaves	Beta-664438
47	K-7	− 5.43 to − 5.39	Below E14	1820 ± 30	1821–1624	129–326 CE	Najas spp., Seeds of unidentified taxa	Beta-664439

Conventional ages were converted to cal BP with Bchron (Haslett and Parnell 2008; Parnell et al. 2008) using the calibration curve of IntCal20 (Reimer et al. 2020)

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