Fig. 3

Spatial distributions of displacement and each strain for the 2013–2016 Tokai L-SSE. a–d represent before the L-SSE, and e–h represent during the L-SSE. a, e Spatial distributions of displacements. The black arrows represent the displacements during the analysis period with respect to the reference station. The ellipse at the tip of each black arrow represents the error of 1σ. The orange circle denotes the approximate location of the L-SSE. b, f Spatial distributions of dilatation. The blue areas and red areas represent contraction and expansion, respectively. The thick grey line represents the plate boundary at the earth’s surface (Bird 2003). The orange circle represents the same information as (a). c, g Spatial distributions of maximum shear strain. The green areas and red areas represent compressional regions and extensional regions, respectively. The grey lines and orange circle indicate the same information as (b). d, h Spatial distributions of principal strain expressed by double-headed arrows. The black outwards arrows and black inwards arrows represent extension and compression, respectively. The grey lines and orange circle represent the same information as (b)