Fig. 6
The effect of depth-dependent viscosity on the 3-year postseismic deformation. a The surface displacement by the model with depth-dependent viscosity in mantle wedge where activation volume \(\Omega\) vary 25, 13, and 3 cm3/mol with a fixed water content COH of ~ 82 ppm H/Si. The corresponding 1-D viscosity profiles are shown in top panel. b The surface displacement by the model where COH vary as ~ 12, ~ 82, and ~ 559 ppm H/Si with fixed \(\Omega\) of ~ 13 cm3/mol. The corresponding 1-D viscosity profiles are displayed in top panel. See model details in Additional file 1: Table S2. c The trench-normal profile shows the viscosity distribution and mantle flow pattern for the model with \(\Omega\)= ~ 13 cm3/mol and COH = 82 ppm H/Si are shown. d The distribution of strain difference corresponds to the model shown in (c). Strain difference = strain in the depth-dependent model – strain in the base model. All viscous strain (second invariant of the deviatoric strain tensor) is normalized by the coseismic strain