Fig. 1From: Precision and convergence speed of the ensemble Kalman filter-based parameter estimation: setting parameter uncertainty for reliable and efficient estimationSchematic of the experiment. First, the nature run was performed (horizontal blue arrow). State estimation using the LETKF with 32 ensemble members commenced at T = 3 h (black arrows). Pseudo-radar reflectivity fields calculated from the nature run were assimilated into the ensemble simulation every 5 min. Parameter estimation commenced at T = 4 h (red arrows)Back to article page