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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 2 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 2

From: Alkenone surface hydrographic changes of the subarctic Northwestern Pacific since the last glacial: proxy limitations and implications of non-thermal environmental influences

Fig. 2

Downcore LV 63-41-2 alkenone proxy-based estimates since the last glacial. a Uk’37-SST, b alkenone concentration (or total C37), and c C37:4 freshwater index, all are plotted against age and compared to d published downcore δ18O stratigraphy and chronology (Gorbarenko et al. 2017; this study). Records applied in different chronologies from Gorbarenko et al. (2017, 2019), and this study is indicated by blue and gray, respectively. Age differences between those two chronologies are minor on late HE 1–early B/A and late–middle Holocene, except for late Holocene. Shaded intervals indicate LGM, stadial HE 1, B/A (sub)-interstadials, and YD. Modern summer and winter SSTs are indicated, respectively, by red and blue arrows on a. Also, ~ 9–8 ka events mentioned in this text are also shaded in c. Prior to HE 1, our mean alkenone concentration (0.038 ± 0.008 μg/g) and detection limit of measuring the alkenone concentration (0.02 μg/g; Seki et al. 2004a) are indicated, respectively, by a black arrow and dashed line in b

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