Table 1 Ecological locations of each microfossil group
Calcareous nannofossil | Phytoplankton | Calcareous | Surface water | Subtropical water |
  Discoaster spp. (extincted) | ||||
Warm and high-nutrient water | ||||
  Reticulofenestra spp. (small type) | ||||
Cold water | ||||
  Coccolithus pelagicus | ||||
Diatom | Phytoplankton | Opal | Surface water | Warm water |
  Actinocyclus ellipticus, A. elongatus, Alveus marinus, Asterolampra marylandica, Asteromphalus arachne, A. flabellatus, A. imbricatus, A. pettersonii, A. sarcophagus, Azpeitia africanus, A. nodulifera, A. tabularis, Fragilariopsis doliolus, Hemidiscus cuneiformis, Nitzschia interruptestriata, N. kolaczekii, Planktoniella sol, Pseudosolenia calcar-avis, Rhizosolenia acuminata, R. bergonii, R. hebetata f. semispina, R. imbricata, Roperia tessellata, Thalassiosira leptopus, T. oestrupii | ||||
Cold water | ||||
  Actinocyclus curvatulus, A. ochotensis, Asteromphalus hyalinus, A. robustus, Bacterosira fragilis, Chaetoceros furcellatus, Coscinodiscus marginatus, C. oculus-iridis, Fragilariopsis cylindrus, F. oceanica, Neodenticula seminae, Porosira glacilis, Rhizosolenia hebetata, Thalassiosira gravida, T. hyalina, T. kryophila, T. nordenskioldii, T. trifulta Td' = warm/(warm + cold) | ||||
Brackish water | ||||
  Paralia sulcata | ||||
Radiolaria | Protista | Opal | Surface to deep water | Warm water |
  Tetrapyle octacantha group, Dictocoryne profunda, Dictocoryne truncatum, Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus, Euchitonia flucata | ||||
Temperate water | ||||
  Actinomma medianum group, Lithelius minor | ||||
Deep water | ||||
  Cornutella profunda, Bathropyramis woodringi (Pacific); Cycladophora davisiana, Actinomma boreale group (JSPW) | ||||
Planktonic foraminifera | Protista | Calcareous | Surface to intermediate water | Subtropical water |
  Globigerinoides ruber, Pulleniatina spp. group | ||||
Temperate intermediate water | ||||
  Globorotalia inflata | ||||
Cold water | ||||
  Neogloboquadrina pachyderma | ||||
Benthic foraminifera | Protista | Calcareous agglutinated | Sublittoral to abyssal seafloor | Littoral-sublittoral |
  Cassidulina yabei, Hanzawaia nipponica, Elphidium spp., Buccella spp. | ||||
Bathyal | ||||
  Uvigerina subperegrina, Epistominella pacifica, Angulogerina ikebei, Uvigerina yabei | ||||
Abyssal | ||||
  Miliammina echigoensis, Martinottiella communis, Cribrostomoides subglobosus, Guppyella miocenica, Cyclammina japonica | ||||
Ostracoda | Copepoda | Calcareous | Sublittoral to bathyal seafloor | Warm sublittoral |
  Cornucoquimba moniwensis, Cytheropteron miurense | ||||
Cold sublittoral | ||||
  Baffinicythere subkotoraforma, Schizocythere okhotskensis, Johnnealella nopporensis, Semicytherura mainensis | ||||
Warm upper bathyal | ||||
  Krithe spp. | ||||
Cold upper bathyal | ||||
  Acanthocythereis dunelmensis |